【高中英语语法(虚拟语气练习题(含答案和解释))】虚拟语气是高中英语语法中的一个重要知识点,常出现在各类考试中。它用来表达与事实相反的情况、愿望、建议、假设等,尤其是在一些特定的句型中使用。掌握好虚拟语气的用法,有助于提高英语写作和阅读理解能力。
以下是一些关于虚拟语气的练习题,附有详细解答,帮助同学们更好地理解和运用这一语法点。
一、选择题
1. If I ______ a rich man, I would travel around the world.
A. am
B. was
C. were
D. are
答案:C
解析: 此句是一个与现在事实相反的假设,表示“如果我是有钱人”,所以要用过去式“were”。在虚拟语气中,不管主语是什么,be动词都用“were”。
2. He suggested that we ______ there on time.
A. arrive
B. arrived
C. should arrive
D. would arrive
答案:A
解析: 在表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中,应使用“should + 动词原形”或直接使用动词原形。因此,“arrive”是正确答案。
3. If it ______ tomorrow, we would go to the park.
A. rains
B. rained
C. will rain
D. would rain
答案:B
解析: 这是一个与将来事实相反的假设,表示“如果明天下雨”,所以要用过去式“rained”。
4. I wish I ______ a bird. I could fly freely.
A. am
B. was
C. were
D. are
答案:C
解析: “I wish”后接的是与现在事实相反的愿望,所以用“were”而不是“was”。
5. She insisted that he ______ the mistake.
A. made
B. make
C. should make
D. had made
答案:B
解析: 在“insist”后面接的宾语从句中,若表示坚持某事应该被做,应使用“should + 动词原形”或动词原形。因此“make”是正确选项。
二、填空题
1. If I ______ (have) more time, I would study English more carefully.
答案:had
解析: 与现在事实相反的假设,用过去式“had”。
2. It is important that he ______ (complete) the task before the deadline.
答案:complete
解析: 在“it is important that...”结构中,后面的从句要用动词原形。
3. I wish I ______ (be) taller.
答案:were
解析: 表达对现在的愿望,用“were”。
4. If she ______ (know) the truth, she would not have done that.
答案:had known
解析: 与过去事实相反的假设,用“had + 过去分词”。
5. They requested that the meeting ______ (start) at 9 a.m.
答案:start
解析: “request”后面接的宾语从句中,用动词原形。
三、改错题
1. If I was you, I would take the job.
错误:was
正确:were
解析: 在虚拟语气中,不管主语是谁,都要用“were”。
2. He said that he will come tomorrow.
错误:will
正确:would
解析: 主句是过去时,从句要使用过去将来时“would”。
3. I wish I have enough money.
错误:have
正确:had
解析: “I wish”后面接的是与现在事实相反的愿望,用过去式“had”。
4. She insisted that they should leave immediately.
错误:should
正确:leave
解析: “insist”后面接的宾语从句中,可以使用动词原形或“should + 动词原形”,但更常见的是直接使用动词原形。
5. If it rains, we will stay home.
错误:will
正确:would
解析: 如果是与将来事实相反的假设,从句要用“would + 动词原形”。
四、总结
虚拟语气主要分为三种类型:
1. 与现在事实相反:If + 过去式,主句用“would/could/might + 动词原形”
2. 与过去事实相反:If + had + 过去分词,主句用“would/could/might + have + 过去分词”
3. 与将来事实相反:If + 过去式 / were to + 动词原形,主句用“would/could/might + 动词原形”
通过多做练习题,结合语境理解虚拟语气的用法,能够有效提升英语语法水平。希望以上练习题能帮助你更好地掌握虚拟语气的用法!